What to Do If the "Cause: failed to avio_open(error=-13)" Error Occurs During Recording
This error may occur because AhnLab V3 or Avast falsely detects oCam as suspicious. Below is a detailed explanation of how to resolve the issue for each antivirus program.
For AhnLab V3, if oCam is being falsely detected, you can resolve the issue by adding the `oCam.exe` file in the oCam installation folder to the scan exclusion list.
1. Open the AhnLab V3 program.
2. Go to the Settings menu and find the 'Scan Exclusions' or 'Exclusion Settings' option.
3. In the 'File/Folder Exclusions' section, click the 'Add' button.
4. Go to the folder where oCam is installed, for example `C:\Program Files\oCam`, and select the `oCam.exe` file.
5. Add it to the exclusion list and save the settings.
6. Run oCam again and check whether recording works normally.
* There may also be a conflict with the anti-ransomware feature.
For example, if drive E is set as a ransomware-protected drive and oCam's save folder is also set to drive E, an error may occur during recording. This happens because the anti-ransomware feature restricts file writing on that drive, preventing oCam from saving the video file.
In this case, keep drive E as a ransomware-protected drive and set oCam's recording save folder to drive C or D instead.
Because drive E is configured as a ransomware-protected drive, file creation and modification are restricted for security purposes, so programs such as oCam are blocked from saving files there. Therefore, the simplest solution is to move the save path to drive C or another unrestricted location.
If you want to continue using drive E, you may also consider temporarily disabling the anti-ransomware setting or adding the oCam executable file (`oCam.exe`) as an exception in the security policy for that drive.

For Avast, if oCam is falsely detected, a pop-up message like the one below may appear. In that case:
1. In the pop-up, click the 'Allow App' button to register oCam as a trusted program.
2. This will remove the error and allow oCam to work normally.
If the pop-up does not appear, you can adjust the allow settings manually:
1. On the Avast main screen, click 'Menu' and then select 'Settings'.
2. Go to the 'Blocked & Allowed Apps' section.
3. Click the '+ Allow App' button and add the oCam executable file (`oCam.exe`).
4. Once oCam has been added to the allowed apps list, save the setting and run oCam again. Recording should then work without any issues.
As an alternative, you can also disable part of the protection feature:
1. Open the 'Protection' menu on the Avast main screen.
2. Find the 'Ransomware Shield' option and turn it off.
3. Disabling Ransomware Shield may resolve the error related to oCam.

You can choose and apply whichever method is more convenient. If the problem continues even after changing the antivirus settings, it may also help to contact AhnLab or Avast customer support.
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Using external codecs - using x264.
Using an external codec - Using x264
oCam supports external codecs (VFW), and here we will learn how to use the x264 codec.
You can download the x264 codec from the site below.
http://sourceforge.net/projects/x264vfw/
Go to the site and click the download button.

Download starts automatically.
For the installation screen, you can just click Next.
Agree to the license agreement.
Specify the installation path.
Installation is complete.
Click Finish.
After installing the codec, you must restart oCam to see it in the external codec list.
After restarting oCam, click the Codec button on the main oCam window and click the External Codec menu.

Check the Use External Codec box.

In the list, select x264vfw - H264/MPEG-4 AVC codec.

Then click the Settings button to view detailed codec settings.

A codec settings window opens as shown below. Since this is not normal video encoding but real-time screen recording, select Ultrafast in Preset and check the Zero Latency box to make encoding as fast as possible, then click OK.
(This setting is useful for real-time recording, and you can adjust it as appropriate for your situation.)
After setting it this way and starting recording, it will be recorded using the x264 codec.

If you record like this, the recording is done using x264 codec.
* For game recording, if the game you want to record is 64-bit, you must also install the 64-bit version of x264vfw (by default, unless you touch the option during x264vfw installation), x264vfw-Configure x264vfw64 from the Start menu. Run it and set it up as described above.
* Keep / Accept only YUV 4: 2: 0, Keep / Accept only YUV 4: 2: 2, Keep / Accept only YUV 4: 4: 4 are not supported for x264vfw setting and recording will fail when using this setting.